“We all know smoking is detrimental to your health and yellows your teeth, but since the mouth is the portal of entry for tobacco products, the effects on oral health are particularly severe,” says Kunen. “All forms of tobacco increase the risk of oral cancer and periodontal disease—the leading cause of tooth loss.” Nicotine, itself, causes the constriction of the muscular walls in blood vessels and prevents a healthy flow of blood and nutrients to the tissues it encounters. When it's inhaled, it can damage the gum tissue and dry out your mouth and throat. Finally, the propylene glycol chemical found in vape liquid binds to air moisture in your mouth, which according to the doctor, significantly dries it out. “Dry mouth is a leading cause of tooth decay as well as oral thrush,” she says. “Thus a Juul user is also more prone to developing cavities and oral fungal infections.”

“Alcohol is another culprit of oral cancer when consumed in excess,” says Kunen. “Beyond increasing the risk of oral cancer, alcohol also causes dry mouth and a decrease of salivary flow in the mouth, which leads to bad breath and drastically increases the risk of gum disease.” And as you're likely aware, regular consumption of darker alcoholic beverages such as red wine can significantly stain teeth. Plus, the tannins, those elements that make wine taste dry, can even lodge in the small grooves of your tooth enamel, creating a sticky surface that holds on to cavity-causing bacteria.

Who doesn't love a refreshing sparkling beverage? But even sugar-free carbonated beverages increase the levels of acid in the mouth, and can have erosive effects on enamel. “Sugared soda is the absolute worst food or drink for oral health,” says Kunen. “Not only does the acidity of soda erode enamel, but the insanely high sugar content of these drinks drastically increases the chances of forming cavities.” According to the doc, you're coating your mouth with sugar and acid with each sip, and it takes the body about 20 minutes to clear this away with saliva. Her tip? If you do consume any carbonated beverage, it is best to rinse with still water after you are done drinking to restore the pH level in the mouth. Her warning? Do not brush your teeth immediately after drinking carbonated beverages; since they raise acidity levels and weaken the enamel, making it possible to permanently damage the enamel.

“While there are definitely plenty of benefits to consuming both tea and coffee, and I would never advise cutting either beverage out completely, there are some oral side effects to be aware of,” says Kunen. “Both beverages will stain your teeth over time and the high levels of caffeine in caffeinated coffees and teas can also significantly raise the levels of oral acidity, which leads to erosion of your enamel.” Again, she advises rinsing your mouth with water after finishing your morning coffee or tea to prevent the bulk of these nasty side effects.

Is bottled water really a vice? Well, it's certainly environmentally irresponsible. And some might argue a waste of money. So in that case, it's at least a borderline vice. “Look, water is wonderful for oral health,” says the doc. But some of the best daily protection you can give your teeth is drinking good old tap water. Why? Because it's fluoridated. And fluoride fortifies teeth against decay and promotes remineralization, which helps repair minor decay. But the bottled stuff, while tasty, has little to no fluoride. So if you want to stick with your pricey one-time-use bottles, dentists recommend a nightly fluoride rinse to help strengthen teeth.